List of shtetls
This list of shtetls and shtots (eastern European towns and cities with significant pre-Holocaust Jewish populations) is organized by country.
Some villages that are listed at Yad Vashem have not been included here.
Shtetls/ Towns
Belarus
Belarus| Town | Yiddish Name | Pre-Holocaust Jewish population | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hebrew | Latin | |||
| Antopal | אנטיפאָליע | Antipolie | 1,792 (1921) | |
| Byerazino | בערעזין | Berezin | ||
| Brahin | בראָהין | Brohin | ||
| Chawusy | ||||
| Davyd-Haradok | ||||
| Hrodno | גראָדנע | Grodne | ||
| Hlybokaye | גלובאָק | Glubok | Compare Lithuanian name Glubokas | |
| Iwye | אייוויע | Eyvye | ||
| Kamyenyets | קאַמעניץ | Kamenitz | ||
| Lakhwa | לאַכווע | Lakhve | ||
| Lyubavichi | ליובאַוויתש | Lyubavitsh | ||
| Luninets | לונינייץ | Luninyitz | ||
| Mahilyow | מאָלעוו | Molev | ||
| Motal | מאָטעלע | Motele | ||
| Obech | ||||
| Polatsk | ||||
| Ruzhany | ראָזשינאָי | Rozhinoi | ||
| Sapotskin | סאפעטקין | Sapetkin | ||
| Shklow | שקלאָוו | Shklov | ||
| Slonim | סלאָנים | Slonim | ||
| Slutsk | סלוצק | Slutzk | ||
| Stolin | סטאָלין | Stolin | ||
| Turaw | טוראָוו | Turov | Compare Russian name Туров (Turov) | |
| Yaremichy [1] | יאריימיצ'ה | Yaremichy | 248 (in 1897) [1] | Belarusian: Ярэмічы. Russian: Еремичи |
Lithuania
Lithuania| Town | Yiddish Name | Pre-Holocaust Jewish population | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hebrew | Latin | |||
| Alytus | אליטע | Alite | ||
| Anykščiai | אניקשט | Aniksht | ||
| Balbieriškis | באלבירישאָק | Balbirishok | ||
| Biržai | בירזש | Birzh | ||
| Butrimonys | בוטרימוניס | |||
| Dieveniškės | ||||
| Eišiškės | איישישאָק | Eyshishok | ||
| Gargždai | גאָרזשד | Gorzhd | ||
| Jonava | יאָנאווא | Yonava | ||
| Joniškėlis | יאָנישקעל | Yonishkel | ||
| Josvainiai | ||||
| Jurbarkas | יורבורג | Yurburg | ||
| Kaišiadorys | ||||
| Kalvarija | קאלוואריע | Kalvarye | ||
| Kapčiamiestis | קופצ'ווה | |||
| Kėdainiai | קיידאן | Keydan | ||
| Kelmė | קעלם | Kelm | ||
| Klaipėda | ||||
| Krakės | ||||
| Kražiai | קראָזש | Krozh | ||
| Kretinga | ||||
| Kupiškis | קופישוק | Kupishok | ||
| Kurkliai | ||||
| Kvėdarna | כווידאן | Khvidan | ||
| Kybartai | ||||
| Lazdijai | ||||
| Leipalingis | ||||
| Lygumai | ||||
| Marijampolė | ||||
| Mažeikiai | ||||
| Merkinė | מערעטש | Meretsh | ||
| Nemenčinė | נעמענטשין | Nementshin | ||
| Obeliai | אָבעל | Abel | ||
| Pakruojis | ||||
| Pandėlys | ||||
| Panemunė | ||||
| Panevėžys | פאָנעוועזש | Ponevezh | ||
| Pasvalys | ||||
| Pilviškiai | פילוושאָק | Pilvshok | ||
| Plungė | פלונגיאן | Plungyan | ||
| Prienai | ||||
| Rozalimas | ||||
| Rudamina | ||||
| Rumšiškės | רומשישאָק | Rumshishok | ||
| Salantai | ||||
| Seirijai | ||||
| Simnas | ||||
| Skapiškis | ||||
| Skaudvilė | ||||
| Stakliškės | ||||
| Šeduva | ||||
| Šiaulenai | ||||
| Šiauliaj | שאוול | Shavl | ||
| Švenčionys | סווינציאן | Svintzyan | ||
| Taujėnai | ||||
| Tauragė | טווריק | Tavrik | ||
| Tauragnai | ||||
| Telšiai | טעלז | Telz | ||
| Troskūnai | ||||
| Tryškiai | ||||
| Ukmergė | ווילקאָמיר | Vilkomir | ||
| Utena | אוטיאן | Utyan | ||
| Užpaliai | ||||
| Varėna | אָראן | Oran | ||
| Varniai | ||||
| Vaškai | ||||
| Veisiejai | וויסיי | Visey | ||
| Vilijampolė | ||||
| Virbalis | ווירבאלן | Virbaln | ||
| Vištytis | ווישינעץ | Vishtinetz | ||
| Žemaičiu Naumiestis | ניישטאָט טאווריק | Neyshtot Tavrik | ||
| Žagarė | זשאגאר | Zhagar | ||
| Žasliai | זאָסלע | Zosle | ||
| Žeimelis | ||||
| Želva | ||||
| Židikai | ||||
Poland
Poland
Ukraine
Ukraine| Town | Yiddish Name | Pre-Holocaust Jewish population | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hebew | Latin | |||
| Ananyiv | אנאניעוו | Ananiev | ||
| Bibrka | בוברקא | Bubrka | ||
| Belz | בעלז | Belz | ||
| Berdychiv | בארדיטשעוו | Barditshev | ||
| Berehove | בערעגסאז | Beregsaz | ||
| Berezdiv | ||||
| Berezhany | ברעזשאן | Brezhan | ||
| Bila Tserkva | ||||
| Boiany | בויאן | Boyan | ||
| Bolekhiv | באָלעכאָוו | Bolekhov | ||
| Boryslav | באָריסלאוו | Borislav | ||
| Borzna | ||||
| Brody | בראָד | Brod | ||
| Bratslav | בראָסלעוו | Broslev | ||
| Buchach | ביטשאָטש | Bitshotsh | ||
| Budaniv | ||||
| Bukachivtsi | ||||
| Burshtyn | ||||
| Chernihiv | ||||
| Chernobyl | טשערנאָבל | Tshernobl | ||
| Chopovychi | ||||
| Chortkiv | טשאָרטקאָוו | Tshortkov | ||
| Deliatyn | דעלאטין | Delatin | ||
| Derazhnia | ||||
| Dolyna | דאָלינא | Dolina | ||
| Drohobych | דראָהאָביטש | Drohobitsh | ||
| Dunaivtsi | ||||
| Hornostaipil | הורנסטייפל | Hornsteypl | ||
| Horodenka | האָראָדענקע | Horodenke | ||
| Horodok | ||||
| Husiatyn | הוסיאטין | Husyatin | ||
| Justingrad | ||||
| Kalush | ||||
| Kalynivka | ||||
| Kamianets-Podilskyi | קאמענעץ־פאָדאָלסק | Kamenetz-Podolsk | ||
| Khorostkiv | ||||
| Khotyn | חוטין | Chotin | ||
| Kolky | ||||
| Kolomyia | קולומיַי | Kolomay | ||
| Korolevo | ||||
| Kopychyntsi | קאָפיטשיניץ | Kopitshinitz | ||
| Kosiv | קאָסאָוו | Kosov | ||
| Kovel | קאָוועל | Kovel | ||
| Kremenets | קרעמעניץ | Kremenitz | ||
| Krasnostav | ||||
| Kupil | ||||
| Kuty | קיטעוו | Kitev | ||
| Letychiv | ||||
| Lityn | ||||
| Liubar | ||||
| Lozisht | ||||
| Lutsk | לוצק | Lutzk | ||
| Makariv | ||||
| Makhnivka | מכניוקא | Makhnivka | ||
| Mariiampil | ||||
| Medzhybizh | מעזשביזש | Mezhbizh | ||
| Mukachevo | מונקאטש | Munkatsh | ||
| Nadvirna | נאדוואָרנא | Nadvorna | ||
| Nemyriv | ||||
| Nizhyn | ||||
| Olesko | אָלעקס | Oleks | ||
| Olyka | אָליק | Olik | ||
| Otynia | אָטיניא | Otinya | ||
| Pavoloch | פאוואָליטש | Pavolitsh | ||
| Pidhaitsi | ||||
| Pidkamin | ||||
| Plyskiv | ||||
| Pohrebyshche | פרהאָבישטא | Prhobishta | ||
| Polonne | פאָלאָנע | Polone | ||
| Poninka | ||||
| Probizhna | פראָבוזנא | Probuzna | ||
| Pryluky | ||||
| Rava-Ruska | ראווע | Rave | ||
| Rohatyn | ראָהאטין | Rohatin | ||
| Rivne | ראוונע | Ravne | ||
| Ruzhyn | ריזשן | Rizhn | ||
| Sadhora | סאדיגאָרא | Sadigora | ||
| Sambir | סאמבאָר | Sambor | ||
| Savran | ||||
| Seliatyn | ||||
| Sharhorod | ||||
| Shepetivka | שעפעטיוקע | Shepetivke | ||
| Shpola | שפאָלע | Shpole | ||
| Shpykiv | ||||
| Skala-Podilska | סקאל | Skal | ||
| Skalat | ||||
| Slavuta | סלאוויטא | Slavita | ||
| Sniatyn | סניאטין | Sniatin | ||
| Sosnove | סלישט | Selisht | ||
| Stara Syniava | ||||
| Starokostiantyniv | אלט־קאָנסאנטין | Alt-Konstantin | ||
| Stepan | ||||
| Storozhynets | סטראָניץ | Strozhnitz | ||
| Stryi | ||||
| Tarashcha | ||||
| Teofipol | טשאן | Tshan | ||
| Terebovlia | ||||
| Tetiiv | טיטיעוו | Titiev | ||
| Tlumach | טלמיטש | Talmitsh | ||
| Tovste | טויסט | Toyst | ||
| Trochenbrod | ||||
| Trostianets | טראָסטיניץ | Trostinitz | ||
| Ulashkivtsi | לאשקעוויץ | Lashkevitz | ||
| Uman | אומאן | Uman | ||
| Uzhhorod | אונגוואר | Ungvar | ||
| Voinyliv | ||||
| Volochysk | וואָלאָטשיסק | Volotshisk | ||
| Vyshnivets | ||||
| Vyzhnytsia | וויזשניץ | Vizhnitz | ||
| Yavoriv | יאוואָראָוו | Yavorov | ||
| Yabluniv | ||||
| Yahilnytsia | ייגאָלניצע | Yigolnitze | ||
| Yazlovets | ||||
| Zabolotiv | זאבלאָטאָוו | Zablotov | ||
| Zalishchyky | זאלישטשיק | Zalishtshik | ||
| Zbarazh | זבאריזש | Zbarizh | ||
| Zhmerynka | זשמערינקא | Zhmerinka | ||
| Zhovkva | זאָלקווא | Zolkva | ||
| Zhydachiv | זשידיטשאָוו | Zhiditshov | ||
| Zinkiv | ||||
| Zlatopil | ||||
| Zolochiv | זלאָטשאָוו | Zlotshov | ||
Others
| Current country | Town | Yiddish name | Pre-Holocaust Jewish population | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hebrew | Latin | ||||
 Hungary |
Sátoraljaújhely | איהעל | Ihel | 4,500 (1905)[2] | |
 Latvia |
Riebiņi[3] | ריבינישאָק | Ribinishok | 533 (1897) | |
| Latvia |
Višķi | ווישקי | Vishki | ||
 Moldova |
Zgurița | זגוריצה | Zguritza | 1,802 (1897) | |
 Romania |
Gura Humorului | גוראַ הומאָראַ | Gura Humora | ||
| Romania |
Rădăuți | ראַדעוויץ | Radevitz | ||
 Slovakia |
Bardejov | באַרדיאָב | Bardyov | ||
Shtots/ Cities
| Current country | City | Yiddish name | Pre–Holocaust Jewish population | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hebrew | Latin | ||||
 Austria | Vienna | װין | Vin | 166,000 [4] | Compare German endonym 'Wien' |
| Belarus | Bobruisk | באַברויסק | Babruisk | 21,558 [5] | |
| Belarus | Brest | בריסק | Brisk | 30,000 [6] | |
| Belarus | Minsk | מינסק | Minsk | 90,000 [7] | |
| Belarus | Pinsk | פינסק | Pinsk | 20,200 [8] | |
| Belarus | Vitebsk | וויטעבסק | Vitebsk | 34,400 [9] | |
 Czechia | Prague | פּראָג | Prog | 56,000 [10] | |
 Germany | Frankfurt | פֿראַנקפורט | Frankfurt | 26,158 [11] | |
| Hungary | Budapest | בודאַפעשט | Budapesht | 184,000 [12] | |
| Latvia | Daugavpils | דווינסק | Dvinsk | 11,106 [13] | Named Dvinsk from 1893-1920 |
| Latvia | Riga | ריגע | Rige | 43,672 [14] | |
| Lithuania | Kaunas | קאָװנע | Kovne | 38,000 [15] | Compare Polish name Kowno |
| Lithuania | Vilnius | װילנע | Vilne | 55,000 [16] | |
| Moldova | Chişinău | קישינעװ | Kishinev | 70,000 [17] | Compare Russian name Kishinov |
| Poland | Białystok | ביאַליסטאָק | Byalistok | 40,000 [18] | |
| Poland | Gdańsk | דאַנציג | Dantzig | Compare German name Danzig | |
| Poland | Kraków | קראָקע | Kroke | 60,000 [19] | |
| Poland | Łódź | לאָדזש | Lodzh | 223,000 [20] | |
| Poland | Lublin | לובלין | Lublin | 40,000 [21] | |
| Poland | Poznań | פּױזן | Poyzn | Compare German name Posen | |
| Poland | Warsaw | װאַרשע | Varshe | 400,000 [22] | |
| Poland | Wrocław | ברעסלוי | Bresloy | 10,309 [23] | Compare German name Breslau |
| Romania | Bucharest | בוקאַרעשט | Bukaresht | 100,000 [24] | |
| Romania | Cluj-Napoca | קלויזענבורג | Kloyzenburg | 16,763 [25] | Compare German name Klausenburg |
| Romania | Iaşi | יאַס | Yas | 51,000 [26] | |
 Russia | Kaliningrad | קעניגסבערג | Kenigsberg | 5,500 [27] | Compare former German name Königsburg |
| Russia | Moscow | מאָסקווע | Moskve | 250,000 [28] | |
| Russia | Saint Petersburg | פעטערבורג/לענינגראַד | Peterburg/Leningrad | 200,000 [29] | Named Leningrad in 1924-1991 |
| Russia | Smolensk | סמאָלענסק | Smolensk | 3,000 [30] | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava | פרעסבורג | Presburg | 14,882 [31] | Compare German name Preßburg |
| Ukraine | Chernivtsi | טשערנאָוויץ | Tshernovitz | 50,000 [32] | |
| Ukraine | Dnipropetrovsk | קאַטערינעסלאַוו | Katerineslav | 100,000 [33] | Named Катериносла́в (Katerynosláv) until 1929 |
| Ukraine | Ivano-Frankivsk | סטאַניסלאװ | Stanislav | 30,000 [34] | Named Stanisławów until 1962 |
| Ukraine | Kiev | קיִעװ | Kiev | 175,000 [35] | |
| Ukraine | Kharkiv | כֿאַרקעוו | Kharkev | 130,200 [36] | |
| Ukraine | Khmelnytskyi | פּראָסקערעוו | Proskerev | 13,500 [37] | Named Проску́рів (Proskúriv) until 1954 |
| Ukraine | Lviv | לעמבערג | Lemberg | 150,000 [38] | Compare German name Lemberg |
| Ukraine | Odessa | אַדעס | Ades | 180,000 [39] | |
| Ukraine | Ternopil | טאַרנעפּאָל | Tarnepol | 18,000 [40] | |
| Ukraine | Vinnitsa | וויניצע | Vinitze | 21,812 [41] | |
| Ukraine | Zhytomyr | זשיטאָמיר | Zhitomir | 30,000 [42] | |
References
- Jewish Encyclopedia Bibliography: Albert Székely, Ujhelyi Zsidók Története, in Magyarország Vármegyéi és Városai (in manuscript)
- Meler, Meyer (2006). Jewish Cemeteries in Latvia. Riga: Jewish Religious Community "Shamir". p. 83. ISBN 9984-19-904-5.
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t082/t08224.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t009/t00933.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t011/t01118.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t050/t05064.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t060/t06064.html
- Joshua D. Zimmerman, Poles, Jews, and the politics of nationality, Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2004, ISBN 0-299-19464-7, Google Print, p.16
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t062/t06241.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t022/t02239.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t012/t01221.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t017/t01713.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t065/t06521.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t037/t03796.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t082/t08240.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t039/t03920.html
- Feierstein, Daniel (2005). "The Jewish Resistance Movements in the Ghettos of Eastern Europe". In Sterling, Eric J. (ed.). Life in the Ghettos During the Holocaust. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. p. 226. ISBN 0-8156-0803-9.
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t016/t01632.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t045/t04592.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t046/t04651.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t083/t08360.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t011/t01111.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t011/t01192.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t015/t01542.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t031/t03158.html
- http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~community~-2918852
- http://www.kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/Moskva/MoskvaHistory.htm
- http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Saint_Petersburg
- http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~community~-3006140
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t010/t01065.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t014/t01419.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t018/t01830.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t073/t07395.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t039/t03900.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t038/t03854.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t062/t06268.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t047/t04759.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t056/t05686.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t076/t07685.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t082/t08251.html
- http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t087/t08736.html
External links
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