List of southernmost items

The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.

Cities and settlements
See also: Southernmost settlements
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Capital (of an independent nation) Wellington, New Zealand 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E
Permanent settlement of any size Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica 90°S 0°E
Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people[1] McMurdo Station, Antarctica 77°51′S 166°40′E
Town > 1,000 people Puerto Williams, Chile 54°56′S 67°37′W
City > 50,000 people Ushuaia, Argentina 54°48′S 68°18′W
City > 100,000 people Punta Arenas, Chile 53°10′S 70°56′W
City > 250,000 people Wellington, New Zealand 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E
City > 500,000 people Mar del Plata, Argentina 38°00′S 57°33′W
Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people Melbourne, Australia 37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E
Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people Buenos Aires, Argentina 34°36′12″S 58°22′54″W
Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people São Paulo, Brazil 23°33′06″S 46°38′01″W

Geography
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Body of water (navigable) Bay of Whales, Ross Sea 78°30′S 164°20′W
Land the Geographic South Pole, Antarctica 90°00′S 00°00′W
Land (excluding Antarctica) Thule Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 59°31′50″S 27°23′50″W

Islands
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Any island (above sea level) Deverall Island 81°28′S 161°54′E
Any island (with bare rock, not ice-covered) Ross Island 77°50′S 166°40′E
Any size excluding Antarctica Thule Island 59°27′S 27°18′W
Island > 10,000 km2 excluding Antarctica Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina/Chile 55°02′S 56°27′W
Island > 100,000 km2 South Island, New Zealand 46°40′S 169°00′E
Coral atoll Elizabeth Reef, Australia 29°57′S 159°4′E

Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.

Nature

Animals
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Bird: South polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) seen at the South Pole[2] 90°00′S 00°00′W
Amphibian: Gray four-eyed frog (Pleurodema bufoninum) Southern tip of South America[3] 53°54′S 71°18′W
Mammal: Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) Southern Ocean[4][5] 80th parallel south
Reptile: Liolaemus magellanicus and Liolaemus sarmientoi Santa Cruz Province, Argentina[4][5] 52.382367°S 68.409956°W / -52.382367; -68.409956 (Liolaemus)
Insect: Antarctic midge (Belgica antarctica) Refuge Islands[6][7] 68°21′S 67°10′W
Fish: Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Gymnoscopelus braueri, Electrona antarctica Ross Sea[8] 75th parallel south

Plants
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Flowering plants (in greenhouses) Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica[9] 90°00′S 139°16′W
Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring) Terra Firma Islands, Antarctica[10] 68°42′S 67°32′W
Trees (naturally occurring) Hornos Island, Chile[11] 55°58′S 67°15′W
Palms (nikau (Rhopalostylis sapida), naturally occurring) Chatham Islands, New Zealand[12] 44°02′S 176°26′W

Education
Item Place Latitude/longitude
International Baccalaureate school John McGlashan College, Dunedin, New Zealand [13] 45°51′17″S 170°29′55″E
University National University of Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina[14] 54°48′57″S 68°19′04″W
Kindergarten Puerto Williams,[15] Chile 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Secondary school Puerto Williams, Chile[16] 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Primary school Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín", Esperanza Base, Antarctica[17] 63°24′S 57°00′W

Science and technology
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Astronomical observatory South Pole Telescope, Antarctica 90°S 0°E
Permanent scientific
research station		 Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica 90°S 0°E
Planetarium Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand[18] 45.865678°S 170.510471°E / -45.865678; 170.510471 (Otago Museum)
Nuclear power plant Atucha I, Argentina[19] 33°58′S 59°12′W
Atucha II, Argentina 33°58′S 59°12′W

Historical sites and archaeological findings
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Prehistoric archaeological site Yaghan people's Bahía Wulaia Dome Mittens,[20] Chile. 55.04755°S 68.14835°W / -55.04755; -68.14835 (Bahía Wulaia Dome Mittens, Chile)

Transportation
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights) Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica 89°59′22″S 1°0′0″W
Seaport/Harbour Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica[21] 77°51′S 166°40′E
Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights) Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport, Puerto Williams, Chile 54°56′S 67°37′W
International airport Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport, Ushuaia, Argentina 54°50′S 068°17′W
Metro station Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón in Buenos Aires, Argentina 34°38′34.9″S 58°27′41.8″W
Railway Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina[22] 54°48′S 68°18′W
Suspension bridge Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge, Falkland Islands [23] 51.853912°S 59.017825°E / -51.853912; 59.017825 (Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge)
Underground station Parliament railway station, Melbourne 37°48′41″S 144°58′23″E

Recreation

Sport
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Bowling club Stewart Island Bowling Club, Oban, New Zealand[24] 46.899224°S 168.128746°E / -46.899224; 168.128746 (Stewart Island Bowling Club)
Ski resort Cerro Castor, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[25] 54°43′S 68°00′W
Golf club Ushuaia Golf Club, Ushuaia, Argentina[26] 54.831183°S 68.417283°E / -54.831183; 68.417283 (Ushuaia Golf Club)

Religious buildings
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Church (ice-made) Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows, Belgrano II Base, Antarctica[27][28] 77°52′S 34°37′W
Church (regular) Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church), King George Island, Antarctica[29] 62°12′S 58°58′W
Mormon church Puerto Williams, Chile[30] 54°56′S 67°37′W
Cathedral El Sagrado Corazón, Roman Catholic Diocese of Punta Arenas, Punta Arenas, Chile[31] 53°10′S 70°56′W
Hindu temple Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas, Chile[32] 53°10′S 70°56′W
Mosque Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill, New Zealand[33] 46°24′S 168°23′E
Synagogue Dunedin Synagogue, Dunedin, New Zealand[34][35] 45°52′S 170°30′E
Buddhist stupa the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand[36] 45°51′S 170°39′E
Sikh Gurdwara New Zealand Sikh Society (Wellington), Lower Hutt, New Zealand[37] 41°12′S 174°57′E

Shops and service facilities
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Tourist office Puerto Williams,[38] Chile 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Restaurant Lodge Lakutaia,[39]Puerto Williams, Chile 54.936789°S 67.613039°W / -54.936789; -67.613039
Cinema Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula 62°14′S 58°40′W
Public post office Port Lockroy, Goudier Island, Antarctica[40] 64°49′S 63°30′W
Bar Faraday Bar,[41] Vernadsky Research Base, Antarctica 65.245747°S 64.257391°W / -65.245747; -64.257391
Automated teller machine McMurdo Station, Antarctica[42] 77°51′S 166°40′E

International brand names
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Mobil gas station Invercargill, New Zealand 46°25′46″S 168°21′42″E [43]
H&M Christchurch, New Zealand 43°32′00″S 172°38′16″E [44]
Shell gas station Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia 43°00′00″S 147°19′13″E [45]
7-Eleven Rosebud, Victoria, Australia 38°21′25″S 144°54′04″E [46]
ECCO Moorabbin, Melbourne, Australia 37°58′15″S 145°05′21″E [47]
IKEA Springvale, Melbourne, Australia 37°55′36″S 145°08′36″E

Franchised food brands
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Baskin-Robbins Camberwell, Melbourne, Australia 37.830423°S 145.056742°E / -37.830423; 145.056742
Wendy's Dunedin, New Zealand[48]
Domino's Pizza Invercargill, New Zealand 46.410355°S 168.347061°E / -46.410355; 168.347061
Starbucks Invercargill, New Zealand[49] 46.411950°S 168.349075°E / -46.411950; 168.349075
Burger King Invercargill, New Zealand[50] 46.413267°S 168.361750°E / -46.413267; 168.361750
KFC Invercargill, New Zealand 46.418758°S 168.361609°E / -46.418758; 168.361609
Subway Ushuaia, Argentina[51] 54.799533°S 68.279024°W / -54.799533; -68.279024

Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria
Item Place Latitude/longitude
National park Cabo de Hornos National Park, Tierra Del Fuego, Chile 55°49′58″S 67°25′58″W
Penguin reserve Magdalena Island Penguin Reserve, Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Chile[52] 52°55′S 70°35′W
Aviary Dunedin Aviary, Dunedin, New Zealand 45°51′29″S 170°31′20″E
Botanical garden Dunedin Botanical Gardens, Dunedin, New Zealand 45°51′23″S 170°31′04″E

Other
Item Place Latitude/longitude
UNESCO world heritage site (natural) French Austral Land and Seas[53] 90°00′S 45°00′E (southernmost Point)
UNESCO world heritage site (cultural) Cueva de las Manos, Argentina[54] 47°9′S 70°40′W
Opera house Opera House, Wellington, New Zealand 41.2915°S 174.7778°E / -41.2915; 174.7778 (Wellington Opera House)
Vineyard Experimental vineyard of Undurraga in Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria, Chile Chico, Chile[55] 46°32′0.41″S 71°41′16.46″W
Brewery Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia, Argentina[56] 54.789983°S 68.265745°W / -54.789983; -68.265745 (Cerveza Artesenal Beagle)
Lighthouse Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island, Chile[57] 55°57′54″S 67°13′12″W
Bell tower First Church of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand[58] 45.8760°S 170.5047°E / -45.8760; 170.5047 (First Church of Otago)
Place of birth of a human (Emilio Marcos Palma (in 1978) and seven others) Esperanza Base, Antarctica[59] 63°24′S 57°00′W
Cemetery Buromskiy Island [60] 66°32′S 93°0′E
Mine Mina Invierno, Riesco Island, Chile[61] 52°52′11.92″S 71°37′31.13″W

See also

References
  1. "4.0 Antarctica - Past and Present".
  2. "Skuas - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection". Archived from the original on February 11, 2006.
  3. Fairbanks, Mailing Address: 101 Dunkel St Suite 110; Us, AK 99701 Phone: 907459-3730 Contact. "Amphibians 101 - Gates Of The Arctic National Park & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov.
  4. "Antarctica: Marine Mammals". www.marinebio.net.
  5. Routti, Heli; Krafft, Bjørn A.; Herzke, Dorte; Eisert, Regina; Oftedal, Olav (February 1, 2015). "Perfluoroalkyl substances detected in the world's southernmost marine mammal, the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)". Environmental Pollution. 197: 62–67. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.026. PMID 25497307.
  6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271714668_Stress_tolerance_in_a_polyextremophile_The_southernmost_insect
  7. Usher, Michael B.; Edwards, Marion (September 1, 1984). "A dipteran from south of the Antarctic Circle: Belgica antarctica (Chironomidae) with a description of its larva". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 23 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00803.x – via academic.oup.com.
  8. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/508228/1/Atlas_Chap.7-Duhamel_et_al_2014-F.pdf
  9. UA, Tempe company bring veggies to South Pole
  10. Smith, Roff. "Frozen Under". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 2007-12-14. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
  11. Welch, Craig (July 2020). "The tree at the bottom of the world—and the wind-blasted trek to find it". National Geographic. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  12. "Bushmansfriend: Forest walks, Nature Photography & NZ Flora - Native Plant Information - New Zealand, native trees,natives,shrubs,information". Archived from the original on 2014-08-14. Retrieved 2006-01-22.
  13. "John McGlashan College".
  14. "Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego »". UNTDF. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
  15. : : Dirección de Bienestar de la Armada de Chile : :
  16. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2009-05-14.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. "Escuela Nº38 Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín". www.marambio.aq.
  18. "World's southernmost planetarium opens in Dunedin". Newshub – via www.newshub.co.nz.
  19. "Nucleoeléctrica Argentina (in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2014-03-26. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
  20. "Bahia Wulaia Dome Middens".
  21. Klein, Andrew G.; Kennicutt, Mahlon C.; Wolff, Gary A.; Sweet, Steve T.; Bloxom, Tiffany; Gielstra, Dianna A.; Cleckley, Marietta (2008). "The historical development of McMurdo station, Antarctica, an environmental perspective". Polar Geography. 31 (3): 119–144. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.693.1204. doi:10.1080/10889370802579856. Winter Quarters Bay is the world's southernmost port.
  22. "Tren del Fin del Mundo Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego Argentina". www.trendelfindelmundo.com.ar.
  23. "Southern most Suspension Bridge".
  24. Stewart Island bowling green opened - the world's southernmost green?
  25. Cerro Castor: esquí en el Fin del Mundo Archived 2013-12-17 at the Wayback Machine Revista Magna.
  26. At the imposing Patagonian geography, the perfect combination of challenge and contemplation.
  27. "Church in ice cave at Belgrano II station, Antarctica". Archived from the original on July 22, 2011.
  28. Mass at ice church in Belgrano II Base
  29. Cary Johnston, Sean Thomas (June 18, 2011). "Southernmost Russian Orthodox Church – comfort in the cold". RT.com. Retrieved October 10, 2010. ...This makes the Trinity Church the southernmost Russian Orthodox church on the planet.
  30. "Nearby Churches | ComeUntoChrist.org". www.comeuntochrist.org.
  31. "Obispado de Punta Arenas". www.iglesia.cl.
  32. Academy, Himalayan. "Hinduism Today Magazine". www.hinduismtoday.com. Archived from the original on July 4, 2008.
  33. "Southland Muslim Association Inc, Invercargill, 9810, New Zealand - Islamic Centers, Masjids Mosques, Muslim Owned Businesses, Islamic Schools and Colleges". Islamicfinder.org. 2011-04-20. Retrieved 2013-10-19.
  34. "NZ Jewish Archives - Temple Sinai". Archived from the original on February 20, 2012.
  35. Google Books: The New Zealand Jewish Community By Stephen I. Levine
  36. "Dhargyey Buddhist Centre Home Page". dbc.dharmakara.net.
  37. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2017-04-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  38. Archived January 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  39. "☞ The Most Southern Restaurant in the World / Самые южный ресторан в мире". restoran.us.
  40. "UKAHT - UKAHT". www.ukaht.org.
  41. "Having A drink At The World's Southernmost Bar". March 11, 2016.
  42. "Group".
  43. "Find Gas Stations Near Me | Esso Fuel Finder". www.fuels.esso.co.th.
  44. "Store Locator"
  45. "Fuel Finder; Gas Station Locator"
  46. "Find a Store - Find Coffee, Gas, Food & More Nearby | 7-Eleven". www.7-eleven.com.
  47. "Service". Ecco.
  48. "World's southernmost Wendy's is now open in Dunedin". 2015-03-12.
  49. "Southern-most Starbucks draws tourist crowds". Stuff.
  50. "City to hold meetings to discuss plans for upcoming bicycle boulevard projects".
  51. "SUBWAY Argentina".
  52. "Penguin Research Manual". www.seabirds.org.
  53. Winners & Losers: Episode 4 - UNESCO World Heritage Sites, retrieved 2020-04-15
  54. World Heritage List and List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas
  55. "Keokén, el viñedo más austral de Chile". Wine Independent Press (in Spanish).
  56. "101 Beer Experiences: Explore the edges of the world". DRAFT. January 18, 2016.
  57. "Lighthouses of Southern Chile".
  58. This Way Up (17 December 2016). "Ring my bells!". Radio New Zealand.
  59. Times On Line article on Antarctica
  60. "List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)" (PDF). Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  61. "The world's southernmost mines | MINING.com". MINING.com. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
  • Moore, D. M. (1983). Flora of Tierra del Fuego.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.