Pithecoctenium

Pithecoctenium
	fruit of Pithecoctenium sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Bignoniaceae
Genus:	Pithecoctenium
Species
	About 20, see text

Pithecoctenium, monkey's-comb,[1] is a Bignoniaceae genus of some 20 species of climbing shrubs occurring in the Caribbean and Tropical South America from Brazil to Mexico. Leaves are opposite with 3 entire and stalked leaflets, the terminal leaflet sometimes being modified into a tendril. The genus has distinctive prickly capsules.[2] The white or violet flowers are in simple racemes, sometimes branched. The genus is closely related to Bignonia and Anemopaegma.

Pithecoctenium crucigerum (L.) A.H. Gentry has become an invasive weed in Australia.[3] Chemical investigation of methanol extracted from this species yielded the iridoid glycoside theviridoside along with five phenylethanoid glycosides (verbascoside, isoverbascoside, forsythoside B, jionoside D and leucosceptoside B), these last all active against DPPH.[4]

Pithecoctenium translates to 'monkey comb'.

Species

Pithecoctenium carolinae
Pithecoctenium crucigerum
Pithecoctenium cynanchoides

References

"Pithecoctenium". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
Dictionary of Gardening - Royal Horticultural Society (1956)
http://www.backyardnature.net/mexnat/monkcomb.htm
"Iridoid glycosides from the stems of Pithecoctenium crucigerum (Bignoniaceae)". Phytochemistry. 68 (9): 1307–11. May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.02.002. PMID 17382978.

External links

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[1] "Pithecoctenium". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 6 October 2015.

[2] Dictionary of Gardening - Royal Horticultural Society (1956)

[3] ttp://www.backyardnature.net/mexnat/monkcomb.htm

[4] "Iridoid glycosides from the stems of Pithecoctenium crucigerum (Bignoniaceae)". Phytochemistry. 68 (9): 1307–11. May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.02.002. PMID 17382978.