Highland Chinantec language
Highland Chinantec is a Chinantecan language of Mexico, spoken in Comaltepec, San Juan Quiotepec, and surrounding towns in northern Oaxaca. It has a complex system of tone and vowel length compared to other Chinantec languages. The two principal varieties, Quiotepec and Comaltepec, have marginal mutual intelligibility. Yolox Chinantec is somewhat less divergent.
| Highland Chinantec | |
|---|---|
| Jmii’ | |
| Native to | Mexico |
| Region | Oaxaca Highlands |
| Ethnicity | Chinantecs |
Native speakers | (10,000 cited 1990–1998)[1] |
Oto-Mangue
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:chq – Quiotepec Chinanteccco – Comaltepec Chinantec |
| Glottolog | chin1488 |
| ELP | Sierra Chinantec language[2] |
Phonology
Comaltepec
The following are sounds of Comaltepec Chinantec:[3][4]
- Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Laryngeal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop & Affricate | Voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | ʔ | |
| Voiced | ᵐb | ⁿd | ⁿdʒ | ᵑɡ | |||
| Fricative | Voiceless | (f) | s | (ʂ) | (ʃ) | (x) | h |
| Voiced | (ʐ) | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | (ɲ) | ŋ | |||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||
- 1. Parenthesised sounds are loans, allophones, or free variants
- 2. Voiced stops are frequently prenasalised
- Vowels
| i | ɨ | u |
| e | ʌ | o |
| æ | a | |
- Tones
Quiotepec
The following are sounds of Quiotepec Chinantec:[5]
- Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Laryngeal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | Voiceless | p | t | tʲ | k | ʔ |
| Voiced | b | d | dʲ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f | s | ç | h | |
| Voiced | β | z | ʝ | ɣ | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Trill | r |
- Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i • y | ɨ • u |
| Low | e • ø | a • o |
- 1. Vowels to the left of the bullet dot are unrounded; to the right rounded
- Tones
References
- Quiotepec Chinantec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Comaltepec Chinantec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) - Endangered Languages Project data for Sierra Chinantec language.
- Anderson, Judi Lynn, Martínez, Isaac H., & Pace, Wanda. (1990). Comaltepec Chinantec Tone. In William R. Merrifield & Calvin R. Rensch (Eds.), Syllables, Tone, and Verb Paradigms: Studies in Chinantec Languages 4 (pp. 3-20). Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- Silverman, Daniel. (1997). Tone Sandhi in Comaltepec Chinantec. Language, 73(3), 473-492.
- Robbins, Frank E. (1961). Quiotepec Chinantec Syllable Patterning. International Journal of American Linguistics, 27(3), 237-250.
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