House of Representatives (Myanmar)
The House of Representatives (Burmese: ပြည်သူ့ လွှတ်တော်, pronounced [pjìðṵ l̥ʊʔtɔ̀] Pyithu Hluttaw) is the lower house of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the bicameral legislature of Myanmar (Burma). It consists of 440 members, of which 330 are directly elected through the first-past-the-post system in each townships (the third-level administrative divisions of Myanmar), and 110 are appointed by the Myanmar Armed Forces.
House of Representatives ပြည်သူ့ လွှတ်တော် Pyithu Hluttaw | |
|---|---|
| 2nd Pyithu Hluttaw | |
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw |
| History | |
| Founded | 31 January 2011 |
| Preceded by | People's Assembly (1974–1988) |
| Leadership | |
Deputy Speaker | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 440 MPs |
 | |
Pyithu Hluttaw political groups | NLD (255) USDP (30) |
| Elections | |
Pyithu Hluttaw last election | 8 November 2020 |
Pyithu Hluttaw next election | 2025 |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Complex, Naypyidaw | |
| Website | |
| www | |
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|---|
| This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Myanmar |
After the 2010 general election, Thura Shwe Mann was elected as the first Speaker of House of Representatives. The last elections to the Pyithu Hluttaw were held in November 2015.[1] At its first meeting on 1 February 2016, Win Myint and T Khun Myat were elected as Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw.[2]
As of 8 November 2015, 90% of the members are men (389 members) and 10% women (44 members).[3]
Hillary Clinton at a conference chamber in the Pyithu Hluttaw
Composition
Constituency boundaries
2016–present
| House of Representatives elections, 2015 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |||
| NLD | 255 |  218 |
57.95 | ||||||
| USDP | 30 |  182 |
6.82 | ||||||
| ANP | 12 | 4 |
2.73 | ||||||
| SNLD | 12 | 12 |
2.73 | ||||||
| PNO | 3 |  |
0.68 | ||||||
| TNP | 3 | 1 |
0.68 | ||||||
| LNDP | 2 | 2 |
0.45 | ||||||
| ZCD | 2 | 2 |
0.45 | ||||||
| KSDP | 1 | |
0.23 | ||||||
| KDUP | 1 | |
0.23 | ||||||
| WDP | 1 | 1 |
0.23 | ||||||
| Independent | 1 | 1 |
0.23 | ||||||
| Cancelled due to insurgency[4] | 7 | 1.59 | |||||||
| Military appointees | 110 | |
25.00 | – | – | 0 | |||
| Total | 440 | 100 | 100 | ||||||
2011–2016
| Pyithu Hluttaw elections, 2010 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |||
| USDP | 259 | 58.86 | 56.76 | 11,858,125 | |||||
| SNDP | 18 | 4.09 | 2.44 | 508,780 | |||||
| NUP | 12 | 2.73 | 19.44 | 4,060,802 | |||||
| RNDP | 9 | 2.05 | 2.87 | 599,008 | |||||
| NDF | 8 | 1.82 | 7.10 | 1,483,329 | |||||
| AMRDP | 3 | 0.68 | 0.80 | 167,928 | |||||
| PNO | 3 | 0.68 | |||||||
| CNP | 2 | 0.45 | 0.17 | 36,098 | |||||
| CPP | 2 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 76,463 | |||||
| PSDP | 2 | 0.45 | 0.39 | 82,038 | |||||
| WDP | 2 | 0.45 | 0.13 | 27,546 | |||||
| Others | 10 | 2.29 | 9.54 | 1,992,590 | |||||
| Military appointees | 110 | 110 |
25.00 | – | – | ||||
| Total | 440 | 100 | 100 | 20,892,707 | |||||
- The 3 Pa-O National Organisation candidates ran unopposed.
| Pyithu Hluttaw by-election, 2012 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |||
| USDP | 212 | 47 |
48.18 | ||||||
| NLD | 37 | 37 |
8.41 | ||||||
| SNDP | 18 | 4.09 | |||||||
| NUP | 12 | 2.73 | |||||||
| RNDP | 9 | 2.05 | |||||||
| NDF | 8 | 1.82 | |||||||
| AMRDP | 3 | 0.68 | |||||||
| PNO | 3 | 0.68 | |||||||
| CNP | 2 | 0.45 | |||||||
| CPP | 2 | 0.45 | |||||||
| PSDP | 2 | 0.45 | |||||||
| WDP | 2 | 0.45 | |||||||
| Others | 10 | 2.28 | |||||||
| Military appointees | 110 | 25.00 | – | – | |||||
| Vacant | 10 | 10 |
2.28 | ||||||
| Total | 440 | 100 | 100 | ||||||
Voting seats by region and state
| Party | Region | State | Territory | Total seats by party | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ayeyarwady | Bago | Magway | Mandalay | Sagaing | Tanintharyi | Yangon | Chin | Kachin | Kayah | Kayin | Mon | Rakhine | Shan1 | Naypyidaw | ||
| Union Solidarity and Development Party | 20 | 21 | 18 | 25 | 31 | 8 | 31 | 5 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 23 | 1 | 221 |
| National League for Democracy | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | 4 | 37 |
| Shan Nationalities League for Democracy | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 17 | – | 18 |
| National Unity Party | 1 | 3 | 1 | – | 3 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | 2 | – | 12 |
| National Democratic Force | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 |
| Rakhine Nationalities Development Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | – | – | 9 |
| All Mon Region Democracy Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | 3 |
| Pa-O National Organisation | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | – | 3 |
| Chin National Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 |
| Chin Progressive Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 |
| Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | 2 |
| Wa Democratic Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | 2 |
| Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
| Kayin People's Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 |
| Inn National Development Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| Taaung (Palaung) National Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| Other Parties and Independents | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 2 |
| Total seats | 26 | 28 | 25 | 31 | 37 | 10 | 45 | 9 | 17 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 51 | 5 | 325 |
Notes:
- ^ In Shan state voting the five seats is cancelled
| Pyithu Hluttaw seats elected by Regions and States (November 2015) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region/State | NLD | USDP | ANP | SNLD | TNP | PNO | ZCD | KSDP | KDUP | LNDP | WDP | Independent | Total |
| Kachin State | 12 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 18 | ||||||||
| Kayah State | 6 | 1 | 7 | ||||||||||
| Kayin State | 6 | 1 | 7 | ||||||||||
| Chin State | 7 | 2 | 9 | ||||||||||
| Mon State | 9 | 1 | 10 | ||||||||||
| Rakhine State | 4 | 1 | 12 | 17 | |||||||||
| Shan State | 12 | 15 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | ||||
| Sagaing Region | 36 | 1 | 37 | ||||||||||
| Tanintharyi Region | 10 | 10 | |||||||||||
| Bago Region | 27 | 1 | 28 | ||||||||||
| Magway Region | 25 | 25 | |||||||||||
| Mandalay Region | 27 | 4 | 31 | ||||||||||
| Yangon Region | 44 | 1 | 45 | ||||||||||
| Ayeyarwady Region | 25 | 1 | 26 | ||||||||||
| Naypyidaw Territory | 4 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Total | 255 | 30 | 12 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 323 |
Note: Result as of 20 Nov 2015. Elections in seven townships of Shan State were cancelled due to armed conflicts. Military appointed were not included in this table.[8][9]
See also
- Politics of Burma
- List of legislatures by country
- Assembly of the Union
- State and Region Hluttaws
References
- "Myanmar election commission publishes election final results". Xinhuanet. 17 November 2010.
- "Burma's parliament opens new session". BBC News. 31 January 2011.
- Union, Inter-Parliamentary. "IPU PARLINE database: MYANMAR (Pyithu Hluttaw), Full text". ipu.org. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- Oliver Holmes (11 November 2015). "Myanmar election: Aung San Suu Kyi calls for reconciliation talks with military". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
- "The Myanmar Times Election Live, Eleven Media". Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
- "Announcement 92/2015". Union Election Commission. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- "LEGISLATIVE ELECTION OF 7 NOVEMBER 2010". Adam Carr's Election Archive. 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- "The Myanmar Times Election Live". mmtimes.com/index.php/election-2015/. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
- "Announcement 92/2015". Union Election Commission. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
External links
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