PM M1910
The Pulemyot Maxima PM1910 (PM M1910) (Russian: Пулемёт Максима образца 1910 года, Pulemyot Maxima obraztsa 1910 goda - "Maxim's machine gun Model 1910") is a medium machine gun that was used by the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and the Red Army during Russian Civil War and World War II. Later the gun saw service in the Korean War and the Vietnam War.
| Pulemyot Maxima PM1910 ("Maxim's Machine Gun Model 1910/30") | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Medium machine gun |
| Place of origin | Russian Empire[1] |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1910–present |
| Used by | See users |
| Wars | World War I Russian Revolution Russian Civil War Turkish War of Independence Polish–Soviet War Finnish Civil War Estonian War of Independence Warlord Era[2] Spanish Civil War Winter War Chinese Civil War World War II Second Sino-Japanese War Korean War Vietnam War Syrian Civil War War in Donbass,[3] others |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1909–10[4] |
| Produced | 1910–39 1941–45 |
| No. built | at least 176,000 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 62.66 kg (138.1 lb)[1] |
| Length | 1,067 mm (42 in) |
| Barrel length | 721 mm (28.4 in) |
| Cartridge | 7.62×54mmR[5][1] |
| Caliber | 7.62 mm |
| Action | Short recoil, toggle locked |
| Rate of fire | 600 round/min[1] |
| Muzzle velocity | 740 m/s (2,427 ft/s) |
| Feed system | 250-round belt[1] |
History
It was adopted in August 1910 and was derived from Hiram Maxim's Maxim gun, chambered for the standard Russian 7.62×54mmR rifle cartridge. The M1910 was mounted on a wheeled mount with a gun shield.[5]
In 1918 - 1920, the industry of Soviet Russia produced 21 thousand new Maxim 1910 machine guns for the Red Army.[1]
In 1930, a modernized version 1910/30 was adopted by the Red Army.[5]
In 1941, the gun was modernized once again.[5]
In May 1942, an order was given to begin the development of a new machine gun to replace the Maxim 1910/30. On May 15, 1943, the SG-43 Goryunov was adopted and since summer 1943 Maxim guns were replaced in Soviet service by the SG-43, which retained the wheeled and shielded carriage. However, production of the Maxim did not end until 1945.[5]
In addition to the main infantry version, there were aircraft-mounted and naval variants. Some were fitted with a tractor radiator cap fitted on top of the water jacket to allow handfuls of snow to be packed in to melt while firing.
Variants
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
- Maxim's machine gun model 1910 on an antiaircraft tripod (Пулемёт Максима образца 1910 года на зенитной треноге М. Н. Кондакова обр. 1928 года)[4]
- Maxim's machine gun model 1910/30 on a wheeled Vladimirov's mount (Пулемёт Максима образца 1910/30 года на колёсном станке С.В. Владимирова обр. 1931 года)[4]
- Maxim-Tokarev
- PV-1 machine gun
- ZPU-4 (Зенитная пулемётная установка М-4 образца 1931 года)
Finland
- Maxim M/09-21[6]
- Maxim M/32-33[6]
Second Polish Republic
- 7.92mm Maxim wz. 1910/28
Users
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Austria-Hungary[7] - a quantity of machine guns were seized during World War I
Bulgaria[8].svg.png.webp)
Democratic Republic of Georgia
DPRK[9]
Estonia- Finland[6]
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German Empire - a quantity of machine guns was seized during World War I
Hungary - After June 22, 1941, a quantity of machine guns was seized by Hungarian troops during Axis invasion in USSR. Since 1945, Soviet Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were given from USSR to People's Republic of Hungary[7]
Iran
Latvia
Mongolia.svg.png.webp)
Nazi Germany - In September 1939 a quantity of Polish wz. 1910 and wz. 1910/28 was seized by Wehrmacht. After June 22, 1941, a quantity of Soviet machine guns was seized by German troops during Axis invasion in USSR, they were used as schweres Maschinengewehr 216(r)
People's Republic of China[9]- Second Polish Republic – Maxim wz. 1910 and Maxim wz. 1910/28
Republic of China[2]- Russian Empire[1] / White movement
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Russian SFSR / Soviet Union[1][5]
Romania - at least several machine guns were captured during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War and disarmament of retreating armed anti-Soviet groups crossing the Romanian border in 1917 - 1920s. After June 22, 1941, an additional quantity was seized by Romanian troops during Axis invasion in USSR. In 1944 several Soviet Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were given from USSR to Romanian 1st Volunteer Infantry Division.[10] After 23 August 1944 coup d'état additional Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were transferred from USSR to the Romanian army.svg.png.webp)
Second Spanish Republic
South Korea
Syria
Turkey
Ukraine: in August 2011, 35 000 ex-Soviet Maxim machine guns were stored in the warehouses of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine[11] although at least four of them were written off and scrapped later.[12][13] They were used during the Donbass War by Ukrainian troops. In December 2016 they were officially adopted by the Armed Forces of Ukraine[14]
Gallery
Soviet troops receiving instruction on the M1910/30.
Soviet Red Army machinegunners with a M1910/30 in the Battle of Kursk.
Quad mounted Maxim M1910/30 guns—the first ZPU.
See also
- List of Russian Weaponry
- Maxim gun
- MG-08
- Vickers machine gun
References
- Пулемёты // Гражданская война и военная интервенция в СССР. Энциклопедия / редколл., гл. ред. С. С. Хромов. — 2-е изд. — М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1987. стр.490-491
- Jowett, Philip (20 Nov 2013). China's Wars: Rousing the Dragon 1894-1949. General Military. Osprey Publishing. pp. 129, 147. ISBN 9781782004073.
- Trevithick, Joseph (5 February 2020). "Ukrainian Troops Are Still Using This Pre-World War I-Era Maxim Machine Gun In Combat". The Drive.
- Семён Федосеев. Столетие легендарного "Максима" // журнал "Мастер-ружьё", № 11 (164), ноябрь 2010. стр.40-46
- "На вооружении Советской Армии состояли станковые пулемёты Максима образца 1910, модернизированные в 1930 и 1941"
Пулемёты // Великая Отечественная война 1941 - 1945. Энциклопедия. / редколл., гл. ред. М. М. Козлов. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1985. стр.594-595 - "The Finnish Maxims: M09/21 & M32/33". mosinnagant.net. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- Lugosi, József (2008). "Gyalogsági fegyverek 1868–2008". In Lugosi, József; Markó, György. Hazánk dicsőségére: 160 éves a Magyar Honvédség. Budapest: Zrínyi Kiadó. p. 382-383. ISBN 978-963-327-461-3.
- Out, Roger (May 2005). "La mitrailleuse russe Maxim modèle 1910". Gazette des armes (in French). No. 365. p. 47.
- Kinard, Jeff. "Machine guns". In Tucker, Spencer C.; Pierpaoli, Paul G., Jr. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History. 1. A-L (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 535. ISBN 978-1-85109-849-1.
- Сведения штаба Московского военного округа о материальном обеспечении 1-й румынской пехотной дивизии, 1 апреля 1944 г. // Освободительная миссия Советских Вооружённых Сил в Европе во второй мировой войне: документы и материалы. М., Воениздат, 1985. стр.87-88
- "7,62 мм кулемет Максим - 35 000 штук"
розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 1022-р від 15 серпня 2011 р. "Перелік військового майна Збройних Сил, яке може бути відчужено" - Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 108-р від 29 лютого 2012 р. "Про утилізацію стрілецької зброї"
- "7,62 мм кулемет Максим - 2"
Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 687-р від 14 серпня 2013 р. "Про затвердження додаткового переліку військового майна Збройних Сил, яке може бути відчужено" - Минобороны Украины вернуло на вооружение пулемет "Максим"
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maxim M1910. |
- Soviet Manual Covering Operation and Repair of the 1910 Maxim Gun
- Robert G. Segel (24 February 2012) "The Origin of the Russian “Tractor-Cap” M1910 Maxim", Small Arms Defense Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1
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